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Managing opiate withdrawal for medical patients with heroin/or other opiate addictions

By Amy Picolo posted 09-16-2014 12:59 PM

  


As the heroin epidemic continues to worsen, we are seeing more and more patient's being admitted to medical floors with a host of complications arising from IVDA. I work as a psychiatric consultant on a Behavioral Health Consultation Liaison service. I am often consulted to provide treatment recommendations for these patients.   I work hard to be an advocate for these patients, as well as provide psychoeducation, supportive counseling and motivational interviewing during their stays. Most of these patients are not on methadone or suboxone~and therefore cannot have these types of treatments continued for them in the hospital. We are therefore left to provide symptomatic treatment only; which then leads to patient suffering. 

Despite having an opiate withdrawal protocol, that provides fairly sound guidance for physicians in symptomatically treating w/d symptoms; there seems to be significant controversy among  clinicians in how to best manage this population during their hospitalization. If their stay is short, and their medical issue minor, they seem to do fine with just the opiate detox protocol (catapress, or clonidine, antiemetics, valium, etc) 

However, what if the medical issue is severe and they require longer stays? Some physicians are comfortable prescribing opiates for pain management; though never seem to come close to their tolerance...Others tend to withhold opiates, or go with medications like norco or toradol. Consulting a pain specialist has not been found to be particularly helpful~as they tend to be more withholding than hospitalists! 

Does anyone else have this problem or a really good approach that seems to work? 
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11-11-2014 12:04 PM

Amy,
I don't have a lot of experience managing acute medical issues in addition to withdrawal… at my hospital, we have a symptom-based withdrawal protocol that consists of clonidine, an antiemetic, and very rarely, ultram. Otherwise, for pain, enjoy some acetaminophen. My thoughts to this are that this is due to our being a psychiatric facility without any form of medical beds (presently, our facility does not even have IVs). It is obviously not ideal for our clients who are suffering, but unfortunately, a lot of people see to have the mindset of "this was their choice, it's their fault" (a phrase I have actually heard from physicians I've worked with).
We know that research supports addiction as a disease, not simply a lifestyle choice, which would encourage caregivers to treat substance users with justice, beneficence, and respect like any other ill client. Regardless, the stigma within our society is high, and I know many prescribers who feel burned out or used by this particular population. I've heard clients say "I didn't want to come here, I was trying to get into --insert various hospital name--, not you guys, because you don't give benzos, which is what I wanted," which makes it a little difficult for me at times to remain unbiased in my caregiving (even though I know better!)
All that being said, I obviously do not have a good approach that works… unfortunately, I am in a ship similar to yours, and am interested for anyone else to respond with their experiences….

10-22-2014 10:51 PM

Actually, I had an attending today on my clinical site who was making all the calls to get one of her patients with opiates addiction to be seen by a pain management team. She was really struggling to get this patient an appropriate level of care. No one was apparently willing to accept this patient under their care. Also, there was an insurance issue. For some reason, this patient had to pay 2500 dollars out of her pocket for drug rehab treatment.
In the regular medical-surgical floors or acute care floors, these patients are judged and maltreated. No one tries to understand that it's a disease and needs proper care and attention. I try to advocate for these patients on my units, so that they can get appropriate treatment, such as pain management and drug-rehab.
Rupinder Brar